A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Physical Status, Dietary Intake, and Health Indicator in Young Female Athletes

Background: Female athletes experience specific health, nutritional, and reproductive challenges. Maintaining a balanced diet, following proper training routines, and regularly monitoring health are crucial for supporting performance and avoiding long-term issues. Objectives: To assess the physical fitness, eating habits, and overall health of young female athletes, with a particular focus on their nutritional practices, menstrual well-being, and the occurrence of common health conditions Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 69 young female athletes participating in different sports disciplines, such as handball and kabaddi. Information was gathered using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The collected data included details regarding training routines, dietary preferences (vegetarian or non-vegetarian), protein consumption levels, menstrual cycle regularity, and overall health status. Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed to evaluate the nutritional condition of the participants. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze and summarize the data. Results: The average BMI of the participants was 21.3, which fell within the normal range, indicating a healthy body composition among the athletes. Most participants trained for approximately 2.5 hours each day, with a primary focus on strengthening their lower-body muscles. A larger proportion of athletes followed a non-vegetarian diet (78%) than vegetarian (22%), although the majority (85.5%) did not consume any protein supplements. Regarding menstrual health, 91% of the participants reported having regular cycles, 8% experienced irregularities, and 1% were diagnosed with PCOD. Only one case of thyroid disorder was recorded, and no major chronic illnesses were identified in the athletes. Conclusion: Adolescent female athletes had a normal BMI and generally maintained good physical and reproductive health. However, the lack of proper dietary planning and insufficient protein intake have emerged as key issues that could negatively affect their long-term performance and recovery. Implementing nutrition-centered guidance and personalized meal plans for athletes is recommended to enhance overall health, improve recovery, and support sustained athletic growth.