Refining the Croatian Adaptation of Big Five Inventory-2

The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) is a widely used questionnaire for assessing personality traits within the five-factor model and is known for maintaining strong psychometric properties across translations. A notable exception has been the Croatian adaptation. This study aimed to retranslate and revalidate the BFI-2 in Croatian with a sample of 1,042 participants. The new version showed improved psychometric properties compared to the original Croatian version and was comparable to the English original. Eight of 15 subscales had reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω) below .70, similar to the original scale, while domain-level traits ranged from .78 to .87. The five-factor structure at the facet level was confirmed using exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM). Strict gender invariance was found for all traits except Agreeableness and Open-Mindedness, which met metric invariance. Overall, the revised Croatian adaptation of the BFI-2 demonstrates better psychometric quality than the previous version.