Thermodynamics of Interfaces for Sustainable Ceramics

This paper explores the thermodynamics of interfaces in sustainable ceramics, emphasizing the crucial role of thermodynamic principles in predicting the properties and processing of ceramic materials. Concerning the concept of “exergy,” which quantifies the minimum work required for ceramic fabrication, it emphasizes the necessity of understanding thermodynamic processes for sustainable manufacturing. The document examines the influence of interface thermodynamics on the synthesis, stability, and performance of ceramic particles, particularly during powder fabrication and sintering. It addresses the driving forces for mass transport, highlighting the importance of chemical potential gradients and interfacial energies in these processes. Additionally, the paper analyzes how modifications in interface composition, through ion segregation and surface adsorption, can stabilize growth and enhance the properties of ceramic materials. The irreversible phase transitions of nanometric ceramics during heating are also considered, revealing the significant impact of surface area and interface energy. Finally, the findings underscore the potential for optimizing ceramic production methods to achieve greater durability, reduced environmental impact, and improved performance in diverse applications.