Molecule‐Based Dinuclear Metal Catalysts for CO ₂ Photoreduction: From Homogeneous Complexes to Heterogeneous Hybrids

Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction represents a sustainable strategy to convert greenhouse gases into fuels and value‐added chemicals driven by solar energy, showing great potential for carbon recycling. However, the inherent inertness of CO 2 poses a significant challenge to achieving efficient photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Among various catalysts, dinuclear metal catalysts (DMCs) have attracted increasing attention in this field owing to dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) effect, which can lower reaction energy barriers to enhance CO 2 photoreduction activity. In this review, we summarize recent progress of molecule‐based DMCs in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction, involving homogeneous molecule systems and corresponding heterogeneous composites integrating with crystalline framework materials or other semiconductors. This review centers on the construction strategies and synergistic catalytic mechanisms of DMC‐based catalytic systems. Further, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in this field, including the scalable preparation of DMC‐based catalysts and programmable improvement of activity, stability, and selectivity for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. These insights provide scientific guidance for the rational design of efficient DMCs and are expected to advance the development of carbon neutrality strategies.