Application of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision for Non-Invasive Fish Health Monitoring

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors worldwide and plays a vital role in food security and livelihoods. However, intensive farming practices with high stocking densities often result in immediate disease transmission and fish mortality. Traditional fish health monitoring methods rely on capturing and handling fish, which can cause stress and increase the risk of infection. This review highlights the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computer vision as effective tools for modern aquaculture management. By using underwater cameras and environmental sensors, AI systems enable continuous and non-invasive monitoring of fish health. These technologies can detect physical injuries, abnormal swimming behaviour, and changes in water quality in real time, enabling early disease detection and timely management. AI is not intended to replace the knowledge of fish farmers but to support decision-making as an intelligent monitoring assistant. AI-based monitoring systems have the potential to improve fish welfare, reduce economic losses, and promote sustainable aquaculture production.