Wall Temperature Influence on Jets in Hypersonic Crossflows with Multi-Regime Mixing

Near-wall mixing for jets in hypersonic crossflows has the potential to enhance engine mixing for hypersonic aircraft. With wall temperature having been shown to be strongly influential on jet near-wall dynamics, the present work aims to understand its effect on both the near-wall and jet plume flow paths to aid future system designs. For this, large-eddy simulations are utilized to study a multi-regime jet in a Mach 5 crossflow with a momentum flux ratio of 5.8. In addition to the outer plume, it is identified that a complex interaction exists between the counter-rotating vortex pair and the near wall. This interaction results in both near-wall transverse inflow and outflow relative to the plume. It is found that the jet outer plume region and the boundary-layer inflow pathway are entrained into the jet core. From this, increasing the wall temperature alters the jet core interaction with the other flow paths through elevation of the plume and the spread and thickness of the boundary layer. It is found that increasing the wall temperature results in a greater jet fluid concentration in the boundary-layer outflow and outer plume pathways, while the jet core and boundary-layer inflow pathways are diminished.