Experience reports on laparoscopic bile duct exploration outcomes in complex cases, indicating feasibility and safety.
TD-BDE is a therapeutical option for choledocholithiasis, especially for "difficult stone" cases, with low morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the benefits of minimally invasive approaches, either laparoscopic or robotic, seem to be feasible and safe; and also ERAS programs can be established considering the multidisciplinary approach of patients.
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Cuendis-Velázquez et al. (2026) studied this question.
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