The natural radioactivity elements 40K, 232Th, and 238U were active in the soil samples from Gajendragad dist. Gadag , the study used a 4" × 4" NaI (Tl) scintillating monitor that utilized a gamma-ray spectrometer. The average concentrations activity of 232Th are 91.54±01.60 BqKg−1, 40K are 489.22±2.76 BqKg−1 and 238U are 28.64±02.55 BqKg−1 , Thorium concentrations were higher than uranium in most samples, likely due to differences in solubility and adsorption properties, while elevated potassium levels were linked to agricultural soil composition. The calculated radiological hazard indices, including absorbed dose rate (D), Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq) and annual effective dose equivalent (μSvy−1 ), indicate that the natural radioactivity levels in the study area do not pose a significant radiological health risk to the local population.
Mutagar et al. (Wed,) studied this question.