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Observational analysis reveals fair to moderate interrater agreement in applying Goldman criteria, suggesting the need for standardization.
Interrater agreement in applying the Goldman criteria is only fair to moderate, suggesting significant subjectivity in their application. As the criteria are used for institutional comparison and quality metrics, efforts to standardize definitions and provide reviewer training are warranted to improve reproducibility and utility.
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Chambers et al. (2026) studied this question.
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