Establishes a new invariant equation highlighting coupling limits in systems, suggesting geometry and structure are crucial.
Establishes IE-001: the first invariant equation proving that alpha(d,beta) = 1 + d/(d+beta) bounds coupling to 1 < alpha < 2 for all positive d and beta. The floor at alpha=1 is structural not emergent; the asymptote at alpha=2 is unattainable. No system is ever fully decoupled from its geometric context. Mathematical foundations with five-domain physical interpretation. GCT Letters series.
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James E. Dunn (2026) studied this question.
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