Revelation for buffering roles of bimetal MXene and pollutant surface charges in lowering the effects of aquatic environmental factors on Fenton-like degradation of organics

• Strong acidic conditions and CO 3 2− have the most significant impact on the PMS-based system. • Alkaline conditions are mostly effective at reducing degradation rates in the Fenton-based system. • Bimetallic or carbon-nitrogen-doped MXene catalysts exhibit strong resistance to various environmental conditions. • The surface charges of certain organic pollutants can significantly lessen the effects of environmental conditions. MXene-based Fenton-like systems have been extensively studied for degrading recalcitrant organic pollutants. While environmental conditions such as pH and coexisting anions significantly affect catalytic performance, comprehensive and systematic evaluations of multiple influencing factors remain limited. Herein, we performed a multi-factor multi-impact meta-analysis comprising 82 articles and 758 data points to elucidate the performance of various MXene-based catalysts under diverse environmental conditions. The results show that interfering ions, humic acid, strong acidity, and alkaline conditions significantly suppress degradation efficiency. Strong acidic conditions and carbonate ions exert the most pronounced inhibition in PMS-based systems, whereas alkaline conditions mainly inhibit Fenton-based systems. Typically, the unique surface charges of certain organic pollutants can considerably diminish the impact of environmental conditions. Additionally, bimetallic or carbon-nitrogen-doped MXene catalysts demonstrate robust resistance to a variety of environmental conditions. Consequently, this research provides valuable insights into the catalytic performance of MXene-based catalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants via Fenton-like reactions under various environmental conditions.