Numerical observations find a geometric model predicts binding energies in nuclei, suggesting new insights in nuclear physics.
We report a curious numerical observation: if atomic nuclei are modelled as connect-sums of trefoil knots with alternating chirality, the ropelength of the composite knot — a purely geometric quantity requiring no quantum mechanics — tracks the experimental binding-energy curve from hydrogen to uranium. A two-parameter fit to 50 nuclei gives R² = 0.9998 and RMS = 6.9 MeV, outperforming the five-parameter Bethe–Weizsäcker formula (RMS = 8.3 MeV). Out-of-sample predictions for ²⁴⁴Pu and ²⁵²Cf, not used in the fit, are accurate to 0.4–8 MeV.
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Thomas Riedel (2026) studied this question.
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