Age-sex patterns in obesity and hypertension prevalence among low- to middle-income residents of Davao city, Philippines

Abstract

Abstract Background Obesity and hypertension are escalating public health challenges in low- and middle-income urban communities. This study determined the prevalence of these conditions and examined sex-age associations among residents of the University of the Immaculate Conception adopted community in Davao City, Philippines. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study enrolled 183 adults between February and March 2025. Data collection included interviews, standardized anthropometric measurements and blood pressure assessments. BMI was classified according to the Asia-Pacific guidelines, and associations were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results Of the 183 respondents, 50.27% were obese and 37.16% had hypertension. Significant independent associations included higher obesity odds among females than males (aOR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.43–6.65; p = 0.004) and higher hypertension odds among adults aged ≥ 45 years than those aged 18–44 years (aOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.64–5.70; p 0.001). No significant associations were found between sex and hypertension, age and obesity, or BMI categories and hypertension. Conclusion High obesity and hypertension burdens warrant targeted interventions emphasizing lifestyle modification, nutritional education, and screening delivered through academic-community partnerships.

What are the key findings of this study?

Obesity and high blood pressure are common problems in Davao City. More than half of the adults are obese, and many have high blood pressure. Women are more likely to be obese, and older adults face higher risks for high blood pressure. These findings show that Davao needs special programs to help people improve their diets and lifestyles. 🥗

Key Points