The Perla mutation in the species Serinus canaria

The Perla canary represents a pigmentary mutation of particular scientific interest, characterized by a mechanism of temperaturesensitive albinism similar to that observed in other domestic species. This phenotype results from a thermolabile tyrosinase, whose enzymatic activity is significantly reduced at central body temperatures, while allowing partial melanin synthesis in cooler peripheral regions. The outcome is a chromatic pattern defined by generalized lightening of the plumage with concentrated pigmentation at the extremities, known as colour points. The phenotypic expression of the mutation is modulated by multiple genetic polymorphisms involved in melanogenesis, contributing to the individual variability observed in breeding populations. Comparative analysis with known models of partial albinism and evaluation of biochemical factors, including tyrosine availability, suggest that the Perla canary constitutes a natural model for studying the interaction between genotype, temperature, and pigmentation. This mutation offers new perspectives for avian coloration genetics and for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying temperaturesensitive forms of albinism.