Developing an innovative artificial ecosystem in the wetlands of El Rym, Annaba (Algeria): The “3E garden” model for urban resilience

The El Rym wetland (Annaba, Algeria) is a vital ecosystem for biodiversity, currently threatened by increasing anthropogenic pressure and the impacts of climate change. This study proposes a sustainable restoration strategy through the creation of an innovative artificial ecosystem based on the “3E Garden” concept (Ecological, Economic, Aesthetic). This system employs hybrid vegetated basins and specific substrates, integrating local ornamental plants and green energy to treat wastewater and rainwater through phytotechnology. Sized for 24,844 population equivalents with a peak flow of 46 L/s, the project aims to restore natural hydrological and purification functions, improve water quality, and establish an educational green space. By increasing the site's retention capacity referencing the major floods of 1974 and 2017 the project provides flood protection while enhancing biological heritage. This approach offers a unique opportunity to harmonize environmental protection, energy efficiency, and the improvement of urban living conditions.