Introduction: School disaster resilience is crucial for community safety, serving as educational centers and emergency shelters in disaster-prone areas. Resilient schools ensure student safety and educational continuity, while assessment tools are vital for evaluating readiness, identifying vulnerabilities, and guiding mitigation strategies. However, many existing tools lack local relevance and comprehensiveness, limiting their effectiveness. Developing appropriate tools is essential for enhancing school disaster resilience effectively. This review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize existing assessment tools for measuring school disaster resilience. Methods: This review evaluated school disaster resilience assessment tools from 2015 to 2024, focusing on quantitative studies in English. Relevant studies were selected using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and Google Scholar with keywords “school”, “disaster”, “resilience”, and “education”. Extracted data included tool types, methodologies, key components, and outcomes, with quality appraised using CASP and JBI checklists to ensure methodological rigor. Results: From the 395 initial search articles, eight were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The findings synthesized two main categories of existing assessment tools. First, school disaster resilience tools generally focus on structural, non-structural, and functional aspects. Second, psychosocial resilience was critical but underrepresented, with only a few tools assessing psychological preparedness and support mechanisms for students and teachers. Despite addressing essential dimensions, the tools often lacked adaptability to regional specifics, limiting their effectiveness in diverse socio-economic and geographic contexts. Conclusion: Existing assessment tools contribute to school disaster resilience by identifying key vulnerabilities, but lack adaptability to diverse local contexts. Findings highlight the need for robust, context-specific tools that encompass both physical and human resilience in disaster-prone areas. Future tool development should incorporate regional flexibility to enhance school resilience, supporting uninterrupted education and community safety during crises.
Chasanah et al. (Sun,) studied this question.