Introduces a novel memory architecture, SAGE, achieving high retention in AI systems, indicating significant advancements in memory efficiency.
Every time an AI system needs to learn something new, it must retrain from scratch — consuming months of compute and significant resources, while still forgetting what it knew before. This paper introduces SAGE — Spatial Associative Geometric Embeddings — a memory architecture that stores knowledge as coordinate positions in a 3D geometric cube rather than in weights. Retrieval uses cosine similarity. Learning uses local Hebbian updates. No backpropagation is required at any stage. Six contributions are made: weight-free 3D coordinate storage; self-organising anti-collision; SAGEDivided working memory with fixed spatial partition; MultiCube horizontal scaling; a hippocampal-inspired consolidation pathway; and SAGESequenceCube — explicit geometric transition memory achieving 100% rollout accuracy — all without backpropagation. Empirical results demonstrate 92% less forgetting than neural networks (0.012 vs 0.150), perfect retention across 200 continuous learning steps, 0.000% sparsity activation, and 58.3% word analogy accuracy with direction training — closing 62% of the gap with GloVe (83.3%).
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Ivelin Likov (2026) studied this question.
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