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March 25, 2026Discover EducationOpen Access

Experimental evidence of chocolate rewards as an extrinsic motivator for academic performance among peri-urban and rural public secondary school students in Oye Ekiti Nigeria

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Authors

JOJackson I. OsuhKOKehinde Ayomiposi OladimejiMOMary E. Osuh

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Overview

Experimental study shows chocolate rewards improve academic performance in rural students, suggesting effective low-cost incentives.

Key Points

  • This research investigates the impact of chocolate rewards on the academic performance of secondary school students.
  • Experimental design with control and experimental groups
  • 120 students aged 13–16 from three schools
  • Pre-test/post-test structure with ANCOVA analysis
  • Sensitivity analysis using linear mixed models
  • Experimental group showed significantly higher post-test scores than control, F(1, 111) = 66.49, p < .001
  • Significant increase in extrinsic motivation in the experimental group
  • Larger academic gains observed in peri-urban schools
  • Negligible between-school variance with consistent results after adjustments

Cite This Study

Osuh et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c37bf3b34aaaeb1a67ecefhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-01393-1
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