Pigmentocracy, or social stratification based on skin tone gradations, structures opportunity and life outcomes across Caribbean societies, yet how it shapes masculine identity construction remains empirically unexplored. This study examined how St. Lucian men construct and navigate masculine identity within St. Lucia’s pigmentocratic hierarchies. Critical realist thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 23 St. Lucian men (ages 22–58) revealed three interconnected cultural mechanisms. First, skin tone operates as a developmental sorting system through family socialization and institutional channeling: darker phenotypes are directed toward physical-hypermasculine archetypes emphasizing bodily strength and emotional restraint, while lighter phenotypes are guided toward intellectual-refined masculinities centered on professional achievement. Second, contradictory cultural valuation emerges wherein darker masculinity is erotically desired yet reproductively devalued, whereas lighter masculinity confers intergenerational advantages while triggering masculine authenticity concerns. Third, color-coded masculine expectations are enforced through differentiated surveillance and sanctioning, with violations (particularly gender nonconformity and homosexuality) punished most severely for darker-skinned men. Findings reveal how pigmentocracy operates through gendered enforcement mechanisms and illuminate the profound psychological costs of navigating chromatic masculine constraints across St. Lucian society.
Naipaul et al. (2026) studied this question.