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Optimizes delivery time in truck transport, indicating significant benefits amid rising demand and driver shortages.
In Japan, truck transport handles 90% of freight, but a 2024 legal cap on overtime has worsened driver shortages. As delivery demands rise, improving last-mile efficiency is vital. This study minimizes total delivery time—truck travel plus unloading—by jointly optimizing route planning and package placement. While loading more items per trip saves travel time, it can increase unloading time due to package rearrangement. To solve this trade-off, we extend our Environment-Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (EAGA) to optimize both delivery order and 3D loading layout.
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Nakadan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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