Preliminary findings reveal hormonal effects on ocular health in female dogs, suggesting vital health considerations.
This preliminary study highlights that reproductive hormones like E2 and P4, along with factors such as age and body weight, significantly impact physiological parameters, including heart and ocular health in female dogs. Thus, variations in reproductive hormones and factors like age and body weight should be considered when evaluating ocular health in female dogs.
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Özcan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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