A Fundamental Study on Orthodontic Treatment Parameters for Rotated Teeth using NiTi Wire

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanical basis for the effectiveness of combining square cross-section slots with nickel–titanium (NiTi) wires in the orthodontic treatment of dental crowding and tooth rotation. To this end, we evaluated the differences in orthodontic forces generated during rotational correction between conventional slots with a rectangular cross-section and those with a square cross-section. Furthermore, we examined how these force differences, arising from variations in slot geometry, may influence orthodontic treatment outcomes.