This analysis reveals the interrelation of prediction-error minimization, constraints, and ontology, suggesting novel insights into physical reality.
Ontic structural realism holds that only relations are real, but it cannot say whatgrounds the relations (the relata problem). Constraint-based accounts of lawhoodreconceive laws as atemporal restrictions on physical possibility, but lack a specificmathematical formalism. Predictive processing establishes that the brain is aprediction-error minimizer, but the ontological implications of this claim remainunderdeveloped. We argue that these three programs converge on a singleontological picture: the physical world consists of a field and constraints upon it.Time, causation, and inertia are cognitive labels generated byprediction-error-minimizing brains. Force and particle are computational labels forconstraint patterns describable by the Order Formation Category (OFC), acategory-theoretic framework for dynamical systems with bifurcation structure. Thefield — the ground of all constraint patterns — cannot be characterized from within,because the observer is itself a constraint pattern embedded in it. We show that allfour fundamental interactions exhibit OFC-compatible bifurcation structure, that"indirect observation" can be formalized as morphism preservation among presentconstraint patterns, and that the past — though it existed — is permanentlyunobservable, structurally parallel to the field itself. This ontology dissolves therelata problem (constraint knots in a field, not free-standing objects) and theinfinite regress (the field is the starting point, not a composite). The frameworktranslates Nishida Kitarō's logic of place and Shimizu Hiroshi's theory of ba into thelanguage of mathematical physics, completing a century-long intellectual relay.Several claims appear novel, including the identification of inertia withprediction-error zero and the structural parallel between field and past.
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Franny Philos Sophia (2026) studied this question.
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