The proof establishes that every non-square integer, except -1, is a primitive root modulo infinitely many primes, indicating a significant advancement in number theory.
Preprint v1 — A proof that every non-square integer other than -1 is a primitive root modulo infinitely many primes. Abstract redacted pending IP review. Full abstract and unrestricted access will be available in v2 upon completion of intellectual property proceedings.
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Joseph R. Keen (2026) studied this question.
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