Demonstrates improved clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, indicating potential therapeutic benefits.
peroxidation, and enhanced endogenous antioxidant enzymes.It also alleviated histopathological alterations and ECM accumulation in the mesangial region while normalizing mRNA levels of Shh, Gli1, nephrin, desmin, NF-B, and TGF-1.Rats administered with KEF have lowered the shh pathway related proteins, inflammatory and fibrotic markers, validated by western blot analysis showed the downregulation of pathway targeted proteins. Conclusion:In conclusion, the results indicate protective role of KEF against DKD via inhibiting Shh pathway and its downstream effector Gli-1, KEF thereby, reducing fibrosis, ECM deposition, and inflammation.Both in vitro and in vivo findings confirmed improved renal architecture and function, along with decreased inflammation and fibrosis.These results highlight kaempferol as a promising phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention and management of DKD, offering a multi-targeted strategy to counter hyperglycemia-driven renal injury and progression toward end-stage renal disease.I have no potential conflict of interest to disclose.I did not use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
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Orehovački et al. (2026) studied this question.
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