Happiness in the city of joy: ordered logit analysis of life satisfaction of the residents of Kolkata

This study explores the determinants of happiness among Kolkata residents through a micro-econometric framework. Using primary data from 312 households across six locations categorised by pollution levels, the study explores the impact of socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors on self-reported life satisfaction. Employing an ordered logit regression model, the study reveals significant positive effects of health, income, education, freedom, and marital status on happiness, while air pollution negatively impacts life satisfaction. The study also investigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being. Households affected by COVID-19 reported lower life satisfaction due to overwhelmed healthcare systems, financial distress, and mental health challenges. Furthermore, the fear of recurring lockdowns compounded these effects, reflecting the psychological and socio-economic toll of the pandemic. The study highlights the complex interplay of material and non-material factors in shaping well-being, providing valuable insights for regional development and policy-making.