Obesity and its health implications: The role of metabolic and bariatric surgery in improving physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being

Obesity is a chronic, heterogeneous disease with profound physical, mental, and psychosocial consequences,requiring eff ective therapeutic strategies beyond lifestyle and pharmacological approaches. Metabolic and bariatricsurgery (MBS) has emerged as the most eff ective treatment for severe obesity, inducing substantial and sustainedweight loss alongside improvements in cardiometabolic health, quality of life, and psychosocial well-being. However,long-term outcomes vary, with some patients experiencing weight regain and persistent psychosocial challenges.This Perspective highlights the additive role of structured exercise and emphasizes the need for continuouspsychological and multidisciplinary support, positioning MBS within integrated, long-term care frameworks tooptimize patient outcomes.