Comparison of the single-step and multistep approaches to prediction of the solar activity index

Key Points

• The aim is to compare single-step and multi-step forecasting methods for predicting the solar activity index using neural networks.
• Compared iterations of a single-step model and independent forecasts for each month.
• Implemented a single multi-step forecast for the entire prediction period.
• Utilized a neural network model alongside theoretical solutions from a physical model.
• Identified differences in accuracy among single-step and multi-step forecasting.
• Demonstrated that the single multi-step forecast may provide better long-term predictions.
• Found variations in performance based on the forecasting approach utilized.