A Decision-Making Model for Green and Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Sites Based on CRITIC–Entropy–TOPSIS

Green and Sustainable Remediation (GSR) has become a guiding framework for selecting remediation solutions for contaminated sites. However, in practice, there is a lack of quantitative decision support tools that can reflect the multi-dimensional environmental, social, and economic objectives of GSR. To address this, a GSR alternative decision-making model was developed, integrating the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method and the Entropy Weight method for weighting, combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for ranking. A preference coefficient was introduced to simulate four typical decision-making scenarios: balanced-preference, health-sensitive, economy-priority, and low-carbon constraint scenarios. Empirical analysis was conducted using three remediation alternatives for a complex contaminated site in Jiangsu Province, China. The results indicate that the optimal alternative selection is highly dependent on decision preferences: under the balanced scenario and low-carbon constraint scenario, Alternative 1 (Cement Kiln Co-processing, CKC) is optimal; under the health-sensitive scenario and economy-priority scenario, Alternative 3 (Ex situ Solidification/Stabilization + Ex situ Thermal Desorption, ESS + ESTD) is optimal. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis demonstrates the robustness of the proposed model.