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March 29, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The Unequal Impact of Russia’s War Against Ukraine

HSHans‐Joachim Spanger

Key Points

  • The report analyzes the impacts of Russia's war on democracy and market economy across several Eastern European countries.
  • Utilized the Transformation Index BTI 2026 to evaluate governance and economic changes.
  • Conducted a regional analysis covering various Eastern European countries from February 2023 to January 2025.
  • Assessed the transformation processes toward democracy and market economy.
  • Identified varying impacts of the war on democratic and economic transformation in the analyzed countries.
  • Highlighted governance quality disparities influenced by regional conflicts.

Abstract

This report is part of the Transformation Index BTI 2026. The regional analysis covers the period from February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2025. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at www.bti-project.org. Overview of the transformation processes in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine und Uzbekistan

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Cite This Study

Hans‐Joachim Spanger (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c8c384de0f0f753b39e5bahttps://doi.org/10.11586/2026049
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