This study presents Phase 10 of a unified dynamic multiphase model describing subsurface fluid systems, focusing on fluid–rock interaction as a mechanism for reservoir initiation and structural evolution. This phase describes how migrating fluids actively modify geological formations through physical and chemical processes, leading to changes in porosity and permeability. As fluids migrate through the subsurface, they interact with different rock types, particularly carbonates and sandstones. In carbonate systems, CO₂-rich fluids react with water to form carbonic acid, which dissolves carbonate minerals and generates secondary porosity. These reactions lead to pore enlargement, mineral alteration, and structural weakening of the rock matrix. This phase introduces a coupled feedback system in which fluid flow and rock properties evolve together. Changes in porosity influence permeability, which in turn enhances fluid flow, creating a self-reinforcing mechanism that promotes further rock alteration and reservoir development. The process is described through reactive transport relationships linking chemical composition, temperature, pressure, and time to changes in porosity and permeability. This establishes a dynamic system where reservoir properties are not only inherited but can be created and enhanced through ongoing fluid–rock interaction. This phase marks the initiation of reservoir formation within the model, transforming the subsurface from a passive medium into an evolving structure capable of storing and transmitting fluids. It provides a mechanism for secondary porosity development, reservoir growth, and variability in reservoir quality. This publication is part of the research series: “A Dynamic Multiphase Model for Hydrocarbon and Hydrothermal Systems” It represents Phase 10 in a structured 13-phase framework describing the evolution of subsurface fluid systems from deep energy generation to accumulation. This phase introduces fluid–rock coupling as a mechanism for creating and enhancing reservoir properties, marking the onset of dynamic reservoir formation.
Kujtim gjoka Gjoka (Fri,) studied this question.