Insights into the Role of Common Sulfur Precursors in Hydrothermally Synthesized N,S-Doped Carbon Dots: Fluorescence Modulation via Surface Oxidation Rather Than Sulfur Doping

Key Points

• The study aims to clarify the mechanisms that enhance fluorescence in sulfur and nitrogen-doped carbon dots.
• Conducted systematic comparisons between nitrogen-doped carbon dots and sulfur precursor variations.
• Analyzed fluorescence properties and surface modifications through hydrothermal synthesis techniques.
• Evaluated the impact of surface oxidation on fluorescence modulation.
• Surface oxidation significantly enhanced fluorescence compared to sulfur doping.
• Nitrogen-doped carbon dots displayed unique fluorescence properties influenced by the synthesis process.
• The role of sulfur precursors was clarified, showing limited impact on fluorescence enhancement.