Transformative Pedagogy in Teacher Education: Proposing the Rcamodel for Systematic Reform

Teacher education in India is undergoing reforms under NEP 2020, but ongoing pedagogical and structural challenges hinder its effectiveness. Many approaches prioritise procedural training and content knowledge over reflective inquiry, critical engagement, and action. This article advocates shifting towards transformative pedagogy through the Reflective–Critical–Action (RCA) Model—an iterative framework that combines reflective practice, critical consciousness, and transformative action to cultivate socially responsible educators. It provides a roadmap for curriculum, culture, assessment, and policy reforms, connecting philosophical principles with practical strategies to improve teacher education in India.