The ACP-ASC model is based on current literature and data from a nationwide sample of older people. It was conceptualized through extensive discussions within a multidisciplinary research team, including healthcare professionals.Insights:To accommodate the complexity of advance care planning, the action stage of the ACP-ASC model distinguishes three types of advance care planning actions (discussions with family/friends, with healthcare professionals, and documentation) and does not prescribe an order. Further, maintenance is incorporated in the action stage, resulting in levels of action (first; maintained) for each type of advance care planning action. Last, we discuss further considerations, practice implications, and recommendations for future research.
Bergman et al. (Sun,) studied this question.