Correlation of triglyceride-glucose index, complement C5, and lipoprotein(a) with carotid intima-media thickness in thyroid dysfunction: A cross-sectional study

Objective. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with metabolic disturbances and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), complement C5, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Methods. Clinical data were collected, blood samples analyzed, and cIMT measured using high-resolution ultrasound in 54 participants with thyroid dysfunction (27 with hypothyroidism and 27 with hyperthyroidism). Results. The study found a significant positive correlation between the TyG index and cIMT in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients. Complement C5 levels were also positively correlated with cIMT. No significant association was found between Lp(a) and cIMT. Discussion. These findings highlight the complex interplay between thyroid dysfunction, metabolic dysregulation, and vascular health emphasizing the need for comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and management in patients with thyroid disorders.