Preliminary examination of sedimentation in Lake Tonle Sap reveals seasonal dynamics and origins of sediments.
カンボジア中部に位置するトンレサップ湖は, 雨季と乾季とでその冠水面積が3倍以上にも変化し, 季節的水位変動に支配された特異な堆積作用の存在が予想される。また, 同湖はインドシナ半島最大の湖であり, 湖底堆積物には同半島における地域的気候・環境変動が記録されている可能性がある。そこで, トンレサップ湖研究の第一段階として, 湖の北部, 同湖とメコン河とを連絡し雨季に同湖へと逆流するトンレサップ川, ならびに湖の周辺に分布する沖積層の堆積物組成から同湖における堆積作用の予察的検討を行なった。 その結果, 粘土鉱物組成にもとづき, トンレサップ湖北部の湖底堆積物は, 沖積層ならびにメコン河水系に分布する地質岩体の双方を起源とし, 堆積物はおもに雨季に湖に流入することが判明した。また, 同湖での存在が確認された海洋性レリックから, 過去の高海水準期における同湖の南シナ海との連絡が推定された。さらに, 湖底堆積物に雨季と乾季との季節変化記録の可能性が示された。 Lake Tonle Sap, the largest lake in the Indochina Peninsula, lies in central Cambodia. Unique sedimentation is expected in the lake due to drastic changes in its water area between the rainy and dry seasons. As the first step to examine the sedimentary processes of the lake, bottom sediments of the lake and the Tonle Sap River, and surface soils of alluvial deposits were collected and examined in order to reveal the origin of the lake bottom sediments. As the results it becomes clear that clay minerals in the bottom sediments of the northern part of Lake Tonle Sap are derived both from surface soils on the alluvial deposits around the lake, and metamorphic and granitic rock bodies lying in the Mekong River basin. The latter is transported, as suspended sediments by backward current in the rainy season, into the lake from the Tonle Sap River. The presence of marine creatures in bottom sediments of the lake suggests that the lake was closely connected with the sea during the last sea-level high stand. Furthermore, there is a strong possibili ty that annual changes due to alternating rainy and dry seasons will be recorded in the lake bottom sediments over the long geological period.
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塚脇 et al. (1994) studied this question.
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