Computed tomographic assessment of plate offset in modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy with a precontoured plate with an anatomical design for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and medial patellar luxation in small‐breed dogs: An in vitro study

Aim To evaluate the effect of plate offset using a PCM‐TPLO plate with an anatomical design for medial translation of the proximal tibial segment and frontal‐plane alignment during modified TPLO in small‐breed canine tibial models using CT. Methods Five distinct small‐breed tibial morphologies were reproduced as three‐dimensional‐printed bone models and assigned to three plate offset conditions (0, +2 and +4 mm; total n = 15). A jig‐assisted TPLO technique was performed by a single surgeon. CT‐based measurements included MED, preoperative and postoperative mMPTA, TPA and APP. Results The MED increased with plate offset (−0.11 ± 0.43 mm, 1.45 ± 0.42 mm and 3.07 ± 0.41 mm at 0, +2 and +4 mm, respectively), showing a strong linear association with nominal offset ( R 2 = 0.92, P < 0.0001). The mMPTA increased with larger plate offsets, whereas APP decreased but remained above the 0.5 threshold for mechanical stability. The TPA was consistently restored to the intended postoperative target (approximately 5°) in all groups. Conclusions PCM‐TPLO plates enabled predictable medialisation in small‐breed tibial models. The CT‐based analysis provided precise quantification and confirmed that translation occurred in reproducible increments despite geometric limitations. These findings support the clinical applicability of PCM‐TPLO plates for combined stifle stabilisation and extensor mechanism realignment while emphasising the influence of implant geometry and tibial morphology on surgical outcomes.