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Electrocaloric effect of hafnium substituted barium titanate with diffused phase transition measured through both indirect and direct methods

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Investigates the electrocaloric effect in hafnium substituted barium titanate, revealing implications for refrigeration applications.

The research aims to measure and compare the electrocaloric effect of hafnium substituted barium titanate using different methodologies.
Measured electrocaloric effect through indirect and direct methods.
Analyzed dielectric constant curves to assess phase transition behavior.
Investigated compositions of BaTi 1-x Hf x O 3 with varying hafnium substitution levels.
Direct method measurements showed significantly larger electrocaloric effect for BaTi 0.89 Hf 0.11 O 3 compared to indirect measurements.
The ECE curve broadens with increasing hafnium content, deviating from Curie temperatures.
BaTi 0.77 Hf 0.23 O 3 maintained its ECE over a wide temperature span of 46 K, indicating practical application potential.

Zhao et al. (2026) studied this question.

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