Diagnostic Value of the Kappa Free Light Chain Index to Distinguish MOGAD, NMOSD, and MS

Apolline Tournier; Antoine Gavoille; Julie Pique; Michaël Levraut; Eléonore Micoud; Elisabeth Maillart; B. Audoin; Sarah Demortière; Clémence Boutière; Xavier Ayrignac; José Boucraut; Alexandre Jentzer; Jonathan Ciron; Chloe Bost; Nicolas Collongues; Romain Deschamps; M. Cohen; Barbara Seitz-Polski; Eric Thouvenot; Sanae Squalli; Denis Maréchal; Pierre Branger; Guido Ahle; Hélène Zéphir; Sandra Vukusic; Frédéric Klapczynski; David Axel Laplaud; C. Giannesini; N. Mélé; Thomas Drouet; Delphine Sterlin; Romain Marignier

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000214806

Key Points

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of KFLC-Index as a diagnostic tool for differentiating between MOGAD, AQP4-NMOSD, and MS.
Performed a comparative analysis of KFLC-Index and oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid.
Included patients diagnosed with MOGAD, AQP4-NMOSD, and MS.
Assessed diagnostic performance metrics of both biomarkers.
KFLC-Index showed superior diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing MS from MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD.
The performance of KFLC-Index was higher than that of oligoclonal bands.

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Implication

Assesses the diagnostic performance of KFLC-Index for distinguishing MOGAD, NMOSD, and MS, indicating its potential clinical utility.

Abstract

The differential diagnosis between aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G–positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody–associated disease (MOGAD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) can be complex. Kappa free light chain index (KFLC-Index) emerged as an effective biomarker for distinguishing patients with MS from patients with other conditions. The main aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of KFLC-Index in differentiating MOGAD, AQP4-NMOSD, and MS and to compare it with CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB) performance.

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Cite This Study

Tournier et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69cf58285a333a8214609578 https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000214806

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Diagnostic Value of the Kappa Free Light Chain Index to Distinguish MOGAD, NMOSD, and MS

Key Points

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Implication

Abstract

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Cite This Study

Diagnostic Value of the Kappa Free Light Chain Index to Distinguish MOGAD, NMOSD, and MS

Key Points

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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