What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the historical interactions and exchanges between the Russians and the Manchus along the Amur River in the early 17th century.

April 3, 2026Open Access

The Meeting of Russians with Manchus on the Amur River

ABAleksandr A. BrodnikovAoyama Gakuin University PPPetr E. PodalkoAoyama Gakuin University

Key Points

The aim is to explore the historical interactions and exchanges between the Russians and the Manchus along the Amur River in the early 17th century.
Analysis of historical documents detailing Russian expeditions to the Amur River region.
Review of previous literature concerning the trade routes and peoples involved.
Examination of the socio-political context of the Time of Troubles affecting Russian expansion.
Documentation of Russian Cossack expeditions, including the campaigns of Maxim Perfiryev and Ivan Moskvitin.
Identified trade relationships between local Tungus communities and Chinese traders.
Establishment of the Okhotsk ostrozhek as a significant point for Russian presence near the Amur River.

Abstract

-2 -of Troubles 2) ) with Poland and Sweden and stabilize the situation inside the country.Therefore, the problem of establishing any relations with distant China at that time faded into the background.Nevertheless, after the detachments of Russian service people crossed the Yenisei River to Eastern Siberia, some information about the Amur River, the peoples living on it, and the Chinese state located relatively close, again began to reach the Siberian administration.One of the previous articles already talked about the campaign in 1639-1640 of a detachment of Yeniseisk service people led by ataman Maxim Perfiryev on the river Vitim (the right tributary of the Lena River) and his collection of information about them 3) .It was he who received information from the local Tungus 4) that some "bread people" live at the mouth of the Shilka River (a tributary of the Amur River), who have "a lot of all kinds of livestock," and these people trade with Chinese people.Almost simultaneously with the campaign of M. Perfiryev, another Cossack, Pentecostal Ivan Moskvitin, took place from Yakutsk.Going with his detachment in 1638 along the right tributary of the Lena River, Aldan, he walked along its tributary, the Maya River, and a year later, crossing the portage 5) , and went out to the Ulya River.He went along it to the shore of the Sea of Okhotsk, where he founded the Okhotsk ostrozhek 6) in 1639.It became the first Russian 2)Time of Troubles -a period in the history of Russia from 1598 to 1613 (there are other versions of periodization that bring the chronology of the Troubles to 1618), marked by natural disasters, the civil war, the Russo-Polish and Russian-Swedish wars, and the most severe state-political and socio-economic crisis.3)Brodnikov A., Podalko P. Russia and Siberia: Russian Entry into Transbaikalia and the Amur Region // The Aoyama Journal of International Politics, Economics and Communication, No. 110.May 2023.Pp. 1-20.4)Tunguses in the 17 th century numbered about 40, 000 people and occupied the areas of Eastern Siberia from the Yenisei River to the Sea of Okhotsk and from the tundra zone to the right bank of the Amur River.Currently, their descendants (Evenks and Evens) in Siberia number about 40,000 and 20,000 people, respectively.About 40,000 Evenks live in China 5)Portage an isthmus between two rivers or two other reservoirs, where ships and theircargo were dragged from one to the other along a dry path.6)Ostrozhek little ostrog.Ostrog was a small wooden fortress with towers (blind and passable), ditches, and other defensive fortifications.The walls of the fortress could be in the form of vertically dug sharpened logs, like in the ostrozhek, but they could also be "gorodny" a chopped wall, sometimes double, with a space filled with stones.

Perguntar à IA

Bookmark

View Full Paper