The increasing efficacy of oncological therapies has led to a rapidly growing population of cancer survivors, shifting clinical attention from acute treatment-related toxicities to long-term and late sequelae. Among these, dermatological sequelae represent some of the most visible and persistent consequences of cancer treatments and may significantly impair quality of life. Persistent alopecia, nail disorders, pigmentary alterations, chronic radiation-induced skin changes, scarring, vascular abnormalities, mucosal alterations, and secondary skin cancers may develop or persist long after treatment completion, acting as constant reminders of the cancer experience. These conditions are not only cosmetic; they may be associated with functional limitations, psychological distress, and altered body image, particularly in patients treated during childhood or adolescence. While the role of supportive oncodermatology during active cancer treatment is well established, structured dermatological care in the survivorship phase remains insufficiently developed. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the main long-lasting dermatological adverse events associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, endocrine treatments, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, available restorative and corrective dermatological interventions are discussed, with a focus on improving long-term outcomes and patient well-being. Recognizing and managing dermatological sequelae is an essential component of modern survivorship care, and dermatologists should play a central role in multidisciplinary follow-up programs dedicated to cancer survivors.
Rapparini et al. (2026) studied this question.