Cerium Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical synthesis employing the precipitation method. Bismuth (Bi) and cerium (Ce), bifunctional materials effectively remove harmful chemicals from water through photocatalytic degradation. The several attributes of the nanoparticles were tested using different characterization techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to analyse the structural properties of the materials, and the crystallite size was found to be 43 nm for bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), 23 nm for Cerium Oxide(CeO 2 ), 19 nm for Cerium Bismuth Oxide (CBO) (1:1), and 27 nm for CBO (2:1) ratio. The optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy. The bandgap was plotted using Kubelka–Munk plots and found to be 2.9 eV for Bi 2 O 3 , 3.2 eV for CeO 2 , 2.4 eV for CBO (1:1), and 2.6 eV for CBO (2:1), respectively. The functional groups of the nanomaterials were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of synthesized nanoparticles was analysed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cerium Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical synthesis employing the precipitation method. Photocatalytic testing under sunlight shows higher activity for the nanocomposite, supported by TOC removal data.
Gunasekaran et al. (2026) studied this question.