Simulation-based Evaluation of Zipper Mounting Conditions: Effects on Muscle Activity and Subjective Operability

This study examined how zipper mounting conditions affect upper limb muscle activity and subjective operability during garment use. Sixty-four configurations, varying in position and direction, were evaluated using musculoskeletal simulation and sensory evaluations. Zippers mounted at a mid-height, close to the body’s midline, and aligned to facilitate downward, gravity-assisted movements significantly reduced muscle activation. Strong negative correlations were found between muscle activity and the subjective scores, especially for ease of operation and postural comfort, indicating that physical burden is a key factor in subjective usability. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of simulation-based evaluation for ergonomic garment design and provide practical guidelines for improving zipper operability. The approach offers potential for inclusive clothing development, particularly for individuals with physical limitations.