Temporary Material Hubs to enhance circular economy: A conceptual framework

This study introduces the integrative concept of Temporary Material Hubs (TMHs) as a newly adapted approach to enhance long-term improvement in circularity by storing prospectively valuable waste, under current conditions not feasible or possible to recover, for future recycling capabilities. TMHs aim to optimize resource recovery by prolonging the lifespan of materials in anthropogenic cycles and avoiding premature disposal. Unlike landfilling with subsequent landfill mining (disposal and later excavation), TMHs proactively store such materials in controlled “hubs” to preserve value and enable future high-quality recovery. The conceptual framework is complemented by the known final sink concept to maintain clean material cycles. Given the lack of a clear definition of recyclability, this paper further proposes recycling pillars as guiding principles in the context of TMHs: environmental and health protection, availability of adequate recycling technologies, and economic feasibility including the availability of markets. Exemplary candidate materials for TMHs currently envisage, e.g., end-of-life wind blades and incineration residues. A SWOT analysis was used to discuss the strengths of TMHs in promoting resource optimization through postponed recycling, while identifying weaknesses such as uncertain costs and current lack of accurate technical implementation concepts. Opportunities lie in supporting European circularity goals and reducing primary material extraction, whereas threats include future regulatory uncertainties and inaccurate estimations of future waste recyclability. This study prepares the ground for future research and risk-assessment on technical, economical, and societal factors necessary for implementing TMHs on an industrial scale to ensure better functioning of the circular economy and a sustainable future.