What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to discuss a case of primary hyperparathyroidism presenting atypically with jaw lesions.

April 3, 2026Clinical Case Reports0 citationsOpen Access

Severe Sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism Masquerading as Hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumor Syndrome

BTBrook Alemayehu TesfayeAddis Ababa University HMHeykel MuseydWollega University DADawit Alemayehu

Key Points

The aim is to discuss a case of primary hyperparathyroidism presenting atypically with jaw lesions.
Case description of a 29-year-old Ethiopian woman with maxillary swelling and leg pain.
Imaging studies conducted to identify jaw and cortical lesions.
Parathyroidectomy performed to treat the condition with subsequent evaluation for hungry bone syndrome.
Progressive left maxillary swelling and lower leg pain due to hyperparathyroidism identified.
Imaging revealed an expansile maxillary lesion and multiple cortical bone lesions.
Post-surgery recovery included symptoms of hungry bone syndrome, requiring calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Jaw lesions are rare in Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and often mimic odontogenic tumors or syndromic conditions such as hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumor (HPT‐JT) syndrome. We describe a 29 years old Ethiopian woman who presented with an 8‐month history of progressive left maxillary swelling and a 3‐year history of lower leg pain. Imaging revealed an expansile lesion in the left maxilla and multiple cortical lesions in the tibia and fibula. She later developed symptomatic hypercalcemia; primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed. She developed hungry bone syndrome after undergoing parathyroidectomy, which required aggressive calcium and vitamin D supplementation. She was discharged with improvement of clinical and lab parameters.

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