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Systematic review finds improved upper limb function in stroke after combined stimulation and exercise, suggesting potential for enhanced rehabilitation.
The effectiveness of VNS+training in improving upper limb impairment, function, and ADL in people with stroke were found to be significantly higher than that of control group. The larger ES suggests that prior taVNS may have a more beneficial effect than concurrent taVNS. Further well-designed, adequately powered studies are needed to confirm these findings and directly compare prior versus concurrent taVNS.
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Ren et al. (2026) studied this question.
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