A strategic roadmap for construction automation in indonesian mass housing projects

Indonesia’s national program to build three million houses annually faces a significant production capacity gap, a common challenge in developing countries. This study develops a strategic roadmap for construction automation to bridge this gap. Using a systematic methodology that integrated literature review, expert surveys (n = 50), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a focus group (n = 9), this study identifies and prioritizes ten critical automation aspects. Results indicate that foundational systemic aspects: Building Standardization (priority weight = 0.2598), Management Information Systems (0.1972), and Material Supply Chain Optimization (0.1652); are significantly more critical than physical mechanization. This prioritization reveals a necessary implementation sequence: digital and process enablers must precede heavy investment in on-site automation. The study concludes by proposing a phased, dependency-aware automation roadmap, offering a validated decision-making framework for policymakers and industry stakeholders in Indonesia and similar developing economies aiming to enhance productivity through construction industrialization.