Since its establishment in 1994, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) has promoted dialogue and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific, including on issues in the South China Sea. ASEAN norms of consensus, inclusivity and non-interference are well reflected in the ARF’s operation through process of norm diffusion and engagement with major powers. Strengthening ASEAN leadership, maritime security focus, dialogue and interactivity within the ARF could enhance its effectiveness in regional security cooperation.
LE et al. (Sun,) studied this question.