The Role of Artificial Reservoirs in Kalmykia in Maintaining the Biodiversity of Avifauna of Hydromorphic Ecosystems in the Context of Modern Climate Change and Increasing Anthropogenic Pressure

This work is devoted to the avifauna of some reservoirs–storage sites of waste and collector–drainage waters, as well as reservoirs of the filling type on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia as of 2025. The composition and structure of coastal ornithocomplexes of the Manych-Gudilo, Deed-Khulsun, and Chograi reservoirs, as well as some small reservoirs of local importance, were studied. These reservoirs are key ornithological territories of Russia (KOTR). The water areas of some of them (Manych-Gudilo Lake and Deed-Khulsun Lake) are protected natural areas of federal and regional significance, which facilitates their monitoring. A modern assessment of the diversity of avifauna and bird population of the reservoirs and their coasts (species composition, number/abundance) is given. The contribution of water bodies to the conservation and enrichment of the biodiversity of the region was assessed. Recommendations are given for managing the hydrological regime in order to maintain and preserve coastal ecosystems, including populations of rare and vulnerable bird species.