Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Towards Mental Illness Among Young Adults in Rural Swat

Background: Mental health literacy and stigma toward mental illness significantly influence recognition of psychological disorders, help-seeking behavior, and community support. In rural areas of Pakistan, limited awareness and strong sociocultural beliefs may contribute to misconceptions and negative attitudes toward mental illness. Aim: To assess the level of mental health literacy and the degree of stigma toward mental illness among young adults in rural Swat, and to examine the association between these variables. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 93 young adults aged 18–25 years residing in rural villages of Charbagh and Khwazakhela Union Councils, Swat. The sample size was calculated using G*Power software assuming a moderate correlation (r = 0.30), 95% confidence level, and 80% power. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic variables, 35-item Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) and the 18-item Depression Stigma Scale (DSS). Descriptive statistics summarized literacy and stigma scores, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied to assess association (p < 0.05). Results: Participants demonstrated moderate mental health literacy (mean ± SD: 108.4 ± 14.2) and moderate to high stigma levels (mean ± SD: 56.7 ± 9.8). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between mental health literacy and stigma (r = -0.46, p < 0.001), indicating that higher literacy was associated with lower stigma. Conclusion: Mental health literacy among young adults in rural Swat was moderate, while stigmatizing attitudes persisted. Strengthening community-based mental health education and stigma-reduction initiatives is essential to promote early help-seeking and improve mental health outcomes.